Условное наклонение в английском языке (Conditionals). Условное наклонение в английском языке (Conditionals) Тест по английскому языку на сослагательное наклонение в английском языке

If I (to take) enough time, I (to work) on the computer. 2. If I (not to have) many friends, I (to be) very lonely. 3. If Mary (not to know) the twins very well, she (not to be) able to say who’s Jack and who’s John. 4. I wish it (to be) summer now and we (can) go to the Crimea. 5. If James (to send) me a letter, I (to answer) him by all means. 6. If only we (to stay) at home. 7. I wish you (to have) porridge or bacon and eggs for breakfast. 8. If only he (to want) to learn English. 9. If it (not to rain) so heavily in autumn here, we (can) begin building the house in October. 10. I wish Bob (can) win the competition.

Choose the write variant :

1. ‘What do you do for a living?’
‘I …… portraits of famous people.’
A am painting В paints C paint

2. ‘Did you find Tom?’
‘Yes. He…………in his study when I found him.’
A worked В was working С works

3. ‘Where……………when you went to London?’
‘In a small family hotel.’
A were you staying В did you stay С do you stay

4. ‘Did you speak to Kate on the phone last night?’
‘Yes, but I…………. for ages before I finally got through.’
A am trying B have been trying С had been trying

5. ‘Could you take the rubbish outside for me, please?»
‘I………………it.’
A have already done В already do С had already done

6. ‘Where is your brother?’
‘He………….in the garden, I think.’
A is playing В plays С played

7. ‘Do you see Catherine very often?’
‘We……………for lunch twice a month.’
A have met В meet С are meeting

8. ‘What are you doing?’
‘I………….for the recipe I want to use tonight.’
A looked В look С am looking

9. ‘Why is Linda so tired?’
‘She…………..very hard recently.’
A works B is working С has been working

10. ‘You’re very late. Where have you been?’
‘Well, I……….home from work when the car broke down.
A was driving В am driving С drove

11. ‘Have you got your exam results yet?’
‘Yes. I…………….all of them.’
A am passing В passed С pass

12. ‘…………….your homework yet?’
‘No, I’m still busy doing it.’
A Have you finished В Are you finishing С Do you finish

13. ‘Sorry I’m late. …………..very long?’
‘No, only five minutes.’
A Are you waiting B Do you wait С Have you been waiting

Ответы к упражнению:

Ответы к упражнению :

KEYS

5 A: I like your new coat.

Ответы к упражнению :

1. has been washing

2. did make, was expecting

3. had been practising

4. have been, went

5. had been wearing

6. have been living

Дополните диалог, используя нужную формы глагола:

A: Hello, Mark. You 1) … took.
B: Sorry. I 2)……. (not/hear) the bell.
Come in, Tony.

B: Well, I 4) ……….. (think) of going
for a picnic in the country, but the weather is awful so I 5)………. (change) my mind.
A: Oh dear. Well, yesterday Mary 6)…………(tell) me that she 7)………….(buy) two tickets to see
the Rocking Stars, but she couldn’t go to the concert. So 18)………….(buy) the tickets from her,
because I 9) …………(think) you’d like to go.

Ответы к упражнению:

1. took

2. didn’t hear

3. were planning

4. was thinking

5. changed

6. told

7. had bought

8. bought

9. thought

10. meant

11. had sold out

12. went

13. saw

10 I’m certain she is looking for a new job. She………………….

Ответы к упражнению:

1. She must have gone on holiday.

   He can’t know the secret.

   Mike can’t have a new car.

   Susan must have paid the phone bill.

   They can’t live here.

   They must have left the party early.

   He can’t have called me.

   Marie must have sent you a birthday card.

   She must have been keeping secrets from me.

   David can’t have gone to the supermarket.

1 A: Is Jason at work today?

B: I’ll do it now.

8 A: She……….be very rich.

Ответы к упражнению:

can’t

mustn’t

must/have to

needn’t

can’t

must

needn’t

have to

Дополните диалоги, используя нужные формы глагола:

1 A: Look at Steve! He is soaking wet.
B: I know. He …… (wash) the car.
2 A:Why ………..(make) so much food?
B: Well, I …………(expect) guests, but they phoned to say they couldn’t come.
3 A: Julia performed well at the concert.
B: Yes. She…………(practise) for months beforehand.
4 A: ……..(you/ever/be) to Spain?
B:Yes. I ……………(go) last year.
5 A: I like your new coat.
B:Thank you. I ……(wear) my old coat for years, so I decided to buy a new one.
6 A: Do you know this town well?
B: Of course. I ………. (live) here for six years.

Дополните диалог, используя нужную форму глагола:

A: Hello, Mark. You 1) … took. .. (take) a long time to answer the door.
B: Sorry. I 2)……. (not/hear) the bell. Come in, Tony.
A: 3) What…………..(you/plan) to do today?
B: Well, I 4) ……….. (think) of going for a picnic in the country, but the weather is awful so I 5)………. (change) my mind.
A: Oh dear. Well, yesterday Mary 6)…………(tell) me that she 7)………….(buy) two tickets to see the Rocking Stars, but she couldn’t go to the concert. So 18)………….(buy) the tickets from her, because I 9) …………(think) you’d like to go.
B: Tony, that’s brilliant! I 10) …………… (mean) to buy tickets for that concert, but they 11)………. (sell out) by the time I 12)…………(go) to the booking office.
A: Well, it’s lucky I 13)………….(see) Mary, then, isn’t it?

Перефразируйте предложения, используя модальные глаголы must, can’t:

1 I’m sure she has gone on holiday. She …must have gone on holiday….

2 I’m certain he doesn’t know the secret. He……….

3 I’m certain Mike hasn’t got a new car. Mike………….

4 I’m sure Susan has paid the phone bill. Susan………………….

5 I’m sure they don’t live here. They……………

6 I’m sure they left the party early. They………………..

7 I’mcertain he didn’t call me. He……………………

8 I’mcertain Marie sent you a birthday card. Marie…………………

9 I’m sure she has been keeping secrets from me. She……………….

10 I’mcertain she is looking for a new job. She………………….

Дополните предложения модальными глаголами can/can’t, must/mustn’t, needn’t, have to:

1 A: Is Jason at work today?
B: He …can’t… be. His car isn’t in the car park.

2 A: I can’t do my German homework. It’s too difficult.
B: I’ll help you. I…………speak German.

3 A: I’m going to watch television.
B: Alright, but you ………….stay up too late.

4 A: We…………book a taxi to take us to the airport.
B: I’ll do it now.

5 A: I didn’t know Rachel was in the choir.
B: Oh yes. She…………..sing beautifully.

6 A: Shall I cook dinner tonight?
B: No, you………….We’re going to a restaurant.

7 A: Has Tim bought a car yet?
B: He…………have. I saw him on the bus yesterday.

8 A: She……….be very rich.
B: Yes. She’s got a huge house and an expensive car.

9 A: I did the washing-up for you.
B: Oh, you………….have, but it was kind of you.

10 A: Would you like to come to my party on Saturday night?
B: I’d like to, but Mum says I ………….visit my grandparents.

TEST

Conditionals

I. Fill in the table, using the examples Заполните таблицу , пользуясь примерами

1. If he arrives, he will hear the news.

1. If he arrived, he would hear the news.

1. If he had arrived, he would have heard the news.

2. I"ll do it if I have the time.

2. I would have done it if I had had the time.

3.If I see her, I"ll tell her thisstory.

3.If I saw her , I would tell her the story.

4.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go for a picnic

4.If it had been fine yesterday, we would have been gone for a picnic.

5. If you work on Sunday, I will pay you well

5. If you had worked on Sunday, I would have paid you well.

6. If I finish the work this week, I will go on vacation.

6. If I finished the work this week, I would go on vacation.

7. If it rained next week I would plant the vegetables.

7. If it had rained last week, I would have planted the vegetables.

II . Напишите предложение, образуя условные предложения I, II, III типов

If she (to know) , she (to try) to enter the institute.

III . Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в требующейся форме.

1. If he is not very busy , he (to agree) to go to the museum with us .

2. If only I (to have) more pocket money , I could buy some new computer games

3. If his friend (to be) in the mood to see a film , they would have gone to the

cinema last night .

4. You would have understood the rule if you (not to miss) the teacher’s explanation.

5. If she reads fifty pages every day , his vocabulary (to increase) greatly .

6. Your brother (to become) much stronger if he took cold baths regularly.

IV . Допишите предложения.

1. If I fall ill ______

2. If she were a cook _____

3. If he had had time _____

4. If we lived in Moscow ______

5. If my father had returned early ____

6. If I had heard about it yesterday _____

V. Translate the sentences. Переведите предложения .

1.I wish you read more in future.

2. I wish I didn’t get up early .

3. I wish you had gone to disco with me yesterday .

4. I wish I had written the test better last lesson .

5. Жаль,что я не живу в Лондоне.

6. Как бы мне хотелось чтобы он позвонил мне вечером.

7. Мне хотелось бы,чтобы я поехала на море прошлым летом.

8. Жаль, что я съела много мороженого.

VI. Underline the right options .

Если у меня будет время , то я приду сегодня .
a) will have b) have c) would come d) will come

2. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы сегодня (мечтатель).

3. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы вчера (поезд ушел).
a) had b) had had c) would come d) would have come.

4. Если бы я знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам (мечтатель).
a) knew b) has know c) would translate d) would have translated.

5. Если бы я тогда знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам (поезд ушел).
a) knew b) had known c) would translate d) would have translated.

6) Если бы он жил в большом городе, то не пропускал бы выставок живописи (мечтатель).
a) live b) lived c) wouldn"t miss d) wouldn"t have missed.

7) Если я поеду в Вашингтон, то посещу Капитолий.
a) will go, b) go c) visit, d) will visit

8) Если бы я была в Вашингтоне, то посетила бы Капитолий (мечтатель).
a) were b) was c) will visit d) would visit

9) Если бы у меня было свободное время сегодня или завтра, я сделала бы эту работу сама (мечтатель).
a) have b) had c) would have done d) would do

(Conditional Mood)

Сослагательное наклонение в английском языке

Сослагательное наклонение выражает предполагаемое или желательное действие. В английском языке существует 3 вида сослагательного наклонения. Для начала давайте сравним 3 предложения: Если у него будет время, он выполнит эту работу. Если бы у него было время, то он выполнил бы эту работу. Если бы у него было время вчера, то он выполнил бы эту работу.

1-е предложение (1-е Сослагательное) , как вы заметили, обозначает реальное условие и относится к будущему времени. (Мы дали ему метафору "орел и решка" - действие либо произойдет, либо нет).

2-е предложение (2-е Сослагательное) обозначает маловероятное условие и относится к настоящему и будущему временам. (Метафорой может быть "мечта" ). Грамматическим показателем этого условия служит частица бы .

Можно вспомнить, как в сказке Пушкина о царе Салтане три девицы под окном мечтали:
"Если б я была царица, - говорит одна девица, - то на весь крещеный мир приготовила бы пир".
"Если б я была царица, - говорит ее сестрица, - то на весь бы мир одна наткала бы полотна".
"Если б я была царица, - третья молвила сестрица, - то для батюшки царя родила б богатыря".
Из отрывка мы видим, что у двух сестер мечта не сбылась, а у третьей-таки осуществилась.

3-е предложение (3-е Сослагательное) обозначает нереальность выполнения условия и относится к прошедшему времени. (Метафора - "поезд ушел" ).

Сложившуюся ситуацию уже изменить нельзя, о ней можно сожалеть или предположить, что могло быть сделано или не сделано раньше.

Например:
Если бы дед с бабкой следили внимательней за колобком, то он мог бы остаться жив.
Если бы ворона не открыла рот, то сыр бы не выпал.

В русском языке 2-е и 3-е сослагательные наклонения могут звучать одинаково, поэтому отличить их можно либо в контексте, либо при помощи специальных слов, указывающих на прошедшее время. Например:
Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы сегодня.
Можно отнести ко 2-му сослагательному - мечтает (придумайте контекст).
Можно отнести и к 3-му сослагательному - "поезд ушел" (придумайте контекст).

Предлагаем вам вывести формулу образования 1-го, 2-го, 3-го типов сослагательного наклонения.

1-е сослагательное. If I have time tonight, I will finish reading a novel.
Если закончу читать роман.
Вместо If можно также использовать when

When I have time tonight, I will finish reading a novel.

Когда сегодня вечером у меня будет время, то я закончу читать роман.

2-е сослагательное.
If I had time tonight, I would finish reading a novel.
Если бы у меня сегодня вечером было время, то я бы закончил читать роман.
Во втором типе условных предложений глагол "to be" всегда имеет форму "were" .
If I were you, I would go there at once.

3-е сослагательное.
If I had had time last night, I would have finished reading a novel.
Если бы у меня прошлым вечером было время, то я бы уже закончил читать роман.

Let"s practice

Say which of the sentences refers to the 1-st, 2-nd, 3-d Conditional Mood

Определите, какие предложения относятся к 1-му, 2-му и 3-му типам сослагательного наклонения. Я помогу ему, если он попросит. Если бы он попросил меня, то я бы ему помог. Если бы он попросил меня об этом раньше, то я бы ему помог. Если у него будет время, он выполнит эту работу. Он бы выполнил эту работу, если бы у него было время. Не сердись на меня, если бы у меня было время, то я бы выполнил эту работу. Если дождь закончится (to stop), я пойду гулять. Я бы пошел гулять, если бы дождь закончился. Если бы вчера дождь прекратился, то мы пошли бы гулять (а так не ходили). Если Джим вернется домой рано, то мы будем вместе смотреть фильм. Если бы Джим вернулся домой рано, то мы вместе посмотрели бы фильм. Если бы Джим вчера вернулся домой рано, то мы вместе посмотрели бы этот фильм.

Fill in the table, using the examples

Заполните таблицу, пользуясь примерами

1. If he arrives, he will hear the news.	1. If he arrived,he would hear the news.	1. If he had arrived,he would have heardthe news.
2. I"ll do it if I have the time.		2. I would have doneit if I had had the time.
3.If I see her, I"ll tell her thisstory.	3.If I saw her , I would tell her the story.
	4.If it were fine tomorrow, we would go for a picnic	4.If it had been fine yesterday, we would have been gone for a picnic.
5. If you work on Sunday, I will pay you well		5. If you had workedon Sunday, I wouldhave paid you well.
6. If I finish the work this week, I will go on vacation.	6. If I finished the work this week, Iwould go on vacation.
	7. If it rained next week I would plant the vegetables.	7. If it had rained last week, I wouldhave planted the vegetables.

Тест

1. Если у меня будет время, то я приду сегодня.
a) will have b) have c) would come d) will come

2. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы сегодня (мечтатель).

3. Если бы у меня было время, я пришел бы вчера (поезд ушел).
a) had b) had had c) would come d) would have come.

4. Если бы я знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам (мечтатель).
a) knew b) has know c) would translate d) would have translated.

5. Если бы я тогда знал английский язык, то перевел бы текст сам (поезд ушел).
a) knew b) had known c) would translate d) would have translated.

6) Если бы он жил в большом городе, то не пропускал бы выставок живописи (мечтатель).
a) live b) lived c) wouldn"t miss d) wouldn"t have missed.

7) Если я поеду в Вашингтон, то посещу Капитолий.
a) will go, b) go c) visit, d) will visit

8) Если бы я была в Вашингтоне, то посетила бы Капитолий (мечтатель).
a) were b) was c) will visit d) would visit

9) Если бы у меня было свободное время сегодня или завтра, я сделала бы эту работу сама (мечтатель).
a) have b) had c) would have done d) would do

Keys:
1) b, d; 2)a, c; 3) b, d; 4)a, c; 5)b, d; 6) b, c; 7)b, d; 8)a, d; 9)b,d.

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Упражнение 1.

Раскрывая скобки, напишите каждое предложение три раза, образуя условные предложения I, II и III типов.

If you (to be) free, I (to come) to see you.

1. If you are free, I shall come to see you.
2. If you were free, I should come to see you.
3. If you had been free, I should have come to see you.

If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad.

1. If I see her, I shall be glad.
2. If I saw her, I should be glad.
3. If I had seen her, I should have been glad.

1. If my friend (to come) to see me, I (to be) very glad.

2. If mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea party.

3. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry).

4. If you (not to work) systematically, you (to fail) the examination.

5. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone.

6. If I (to live) in Moscow, I (to visit) the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

7. If I (to get) a ticket, I (to go) to the Philharmonic.

8. If I (to live) near a wood, I (to gather) a lot of mushrooms.

9. If my father (to return) early, we (to watch) TV together.

10. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

Ответы:

1. If my friend comes to see me, I shall be very glad.

2. If my friend came to see me, I should be very glad.

3. If my friend had come to see me, I should have been very glad.

1. If mother buys a cake, we shall have a very nice tea party.

2. If mother bought a cake, we should have a very nice tea party.

3. If mother had bought a cake, we should have had a very nice tea party.

1. If we receive a telegram from him, we shall not worry.

2. If we received a telegram from him, we should not worry.

3. If we had received a telegram from him, we should not have worried.

1. If you don’t work systematically, you will fail the examination.

2. If you did not work systematically, you would fail at the examination.

3. If you had not worked systematically, you would have failed at the examination.

1. If you are busy, I shall leave you alone.

2. If von were busy, I should leave you alone.

3. If you had been busy, I should have left you alone.

1. If I live in Moscow, I shall visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

2. If I lived in Moscow, I should visit the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

3. If I had lived in Moscow, I should have visited the Tretyakov Gallery every year.

1. If I get a ticket, I shall go to the Philharmonic.

2. If I got a ticket, I should go to the Philharmonic.

3. If I had got a ticket, I should have gone to the Philharmonic.

1. If I live near a wood, I shall gather a lot of mushrooms.

2. If I lived near a wood, I should gather a lot or mushrooms.

3. If I had lived near a wood, I should have gathered a lot of mushrooms.

1. If my father returns early, we shall watch TV together.

2. If my father returned early, we should watch TV together.

3. If my father had returned early, we should have watched TV together.

1. If she knows English, she will try to enter the university.

2. If she knew English, she would try to enter the university.

3. If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the university.

Считается, что предложения с частицей бы, являются сослагательными и относятся к нереальным или маловероятным условиям.

Они выражают:

• возможность – Я смог бы…
• предположительность – Я купил бы….
• желательность – Я хотел бы….

Ниже рассмотрим два вида предложений:

1. маловероятные условия, относящиеся к настоящему или будущему времени (Second Conditional)
2. невероятные (невыполнимые) условия, относящиеся к прошлому (Third Conditional)

1. Second Conditional

Сначала рассмотрим маловероятные условия, относящиеся к настоящему или будущему времени. Это условные предложения второго типа или Second Conditional.

ПРИМЕР. Я пошел бы гулять, если была бы хорошая погода.

Это предложение относится к настоящему или будущему времен (можно подставить слова – сегодня, завтра). В момент речи оно нереально, но при определенных условиях еще может совершиться. Например, погода измениться к вечеру.

Схемы построения предложений (Second Conditional)

ПРИМЕР. If the weather were good, I would go for a walk.

Вместо would можно употреблять could, should, might (по смыслу).

СОВЕТ. Выучите небольшой диалог, чтобы запомнить какие формы глагола, употребляются в Second Conditional .

— What would you do if you had a boat?

— I would sail in it, of course.

— Where would you sail?

— I would sail across the Atlantic if my boat were big enough.

— What would you do if your parents didn’t let you sail?

— I would run away from home, I suppose.

Чтобы ты делал, если бы у тебя была лодка?
-Я бы в ней поплыл.
-Куда бы ты поплыл?
-Если бы моя лодка была большая, я бы поплыл через Атлантический океан.
-Но чтобы ты сделал, если бы твои родители не разрешили тебе плыть?
-Полагаю, я бы убежал из дому.

Запомните выражение If I were you, I would … — На твоем месте я бы …

Это вся теория. Теперь выполните упражнения на Second Conditional.

Сослагательное наклонение в английском языке. Упражнения

Условные предложения 2 типа. Second Conditional (упражнения)

Упражнение 1 . Переведите с английского.

1. If it didn’t rain, we would go for a walk.
2. If we had a camera, we could take pictures of the beauti­ful scenery.
3. If there were any sugar left, we should not have to go to the shop.
4. If I knew him, I should ask his advice.
5. If you did not have a toothache, you would enjoy the party.
6. If you were not so absent-mind­ed, you would not make so many mistakes.
7. If you rang me up, I should know you were in trouble.
8. If you watched the cat, it wouldn’t eat the fish.
9. If it were not so late, we would go to see them.
10. If I were you, I would read the book.

Упражнение 2. Скажите, что упоминаемое действие было бы выполнено, если бы было выполнено условие.

Example. If I have time, I will do it. – If I had time, I would do it.

1. If I work hard, I will pass the exams.
2. If there is hot water, I’ll have a bath.
3. If you get up early, you’ll be in time.
4. If I have a lot of money, I will go on a trip round the world.
5. If I have a lot of time, I will take music lessons.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, используя сослагательное наклонение (второе условие)

1. If I … (be) you, I … (write) to her.
2. If I … (be) taller, I … (play) in a basketball team.
3. If you … (stay) longer, you … (meet) my parents.
4. If she … (not eat) so much, she … (be) slimmer.
5. If he … (not see) them, he … (not know) the truth.
6. What … you … (do) if you …(see) him?
7. What … you … (do) if you …(have) million dollars?
8. If they … (have) million dollars, they … (travel) around the world.
9. What … you … (do) if you …(lose) your key?
10. If I … (lose) my key, I … (call) my parents.

* * *

2. Third Conditional

Теперь рассмотрим невероятные (невыполнимые) условия, относящиеся к прошедшему времени. Это условные предложения третьего типа или Third Conditional

ПРИМЕР. Если бы вчера была хорошая погода, я пошел бы гулять.

Предложение относится к прошлому и поэтому является невыполнимым (невероятным) условием. Действие уже не может совершиться – возможность упущена.

Схемы предложений Third Conditional

Условные предложения 3 типа. Third Conditional (упражнения)

Упражнение 1 . Переведите с английского.

1. If it hadn’t rained yesterday, we would have gone for a walk.
2. If we had had a camera during our trip to the USA, we could have taken pictures of the beauti­ful scenery.
3. If there hadn’t been any sugar left, we would not have gone to the shop late at night.
4. If you had not had a toothache last night, you would have enjoyed the party.
5. If you had not been so absent-mind­ed at the last lesson, you would not have made so many mistakes in your test.
6. If you had rung me up yesterday, I should have known you were in trouble.
7. If you had watched the cat, it wouldn’t have eaten the fish.
8. If it hadn’t been so late, we would have gone to see them.
9. If I had had more time, I would have done the test better.
10. If you hadn’t left the child alone, she would have broken the vase.

Упражнение 2. Скажите, что если бы упоминаемое условие было бы выполнено вчера , то действие было выполнено.

Example. If I had time, I would do it. – If I had had time yesterday (last year), I would have done it.

1. If I worked hard, I would pass the exams.
2. If there were any hot water, I would have a bath.
3. If you got up early, you would be in time.
4. If I had a lot of money, I would go on a trip round the world.
5. If I had a lot of time, I would take music lessons.

Упражнение 3. Раскройте скобки, используя сослагательное наклонение (третье условие)

1. If he hadn’t broken his bicycle, he would … (go) to the country.
2. If I hadn’t had a bad headache yesterday, I could … (come) to see you.
3. If the ship … (not sail) near the coast, it would not have struck a rock.
4. If he … (be) in town, he would have been present at our meeting.
5. If the road … (not be) so slippery, I … (not fall) and hurt my leg.
6. If they .. (make) a fire, the wolves … (run) away.
7. If I … (expect) my friend to come, I … (not go) to the cinema.
8. If I … (have) a dictionary, I … (translate) the article yesterday.
9. If we … (get) a letter from him, we … (not worry).
10. If she … (come) home late last night, her father … (be) angry.

На этом еще не все! Конечно, это не все упражнения на сослагательное наклонение . Перейдя по ссылке, вы найдете еще для отработки и закрепления темы «Сослагательное наклонение».