On July 17, President Putin signed Decree N 370 "On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"

The document is rather short, consisting of only four points, one of which, as indicated in the text, is “for official use”. That is, in other words, secret, not for public viewing.

Thus, Russia took another step towards creating a fully professional army. At present, about 50% of its strength is already made up of contract soldiers - 300 thousand privates and sergeants and 200 thousand officers. But this applies to the army "cadre", deployed, ready to start hostilities at any time.

However, in addition to the available Armed Forces, any country also has a mobilization reserve - used, in addition to the period of planned training and retraining of personnel, for mobilization in the event of a threat of the outbreak of war, in order to increase the number of armed defenders.

The reserve service also exists in Russia - actually founded from the moment of the army reforms of Emperor Alexander II, in the second half of the 19th century. During the Soviet era, the order of its organization was slightly changed, which made it possible to quickly create a powerful army during the Great Patriotic War to defeat Nazi Germany. Yes, and in the composition of the first divisions that entered Afghanistan in 1979, there were also many "storerooms", or, as they are also called, for a not very high level of discipline, "partisans."

Nevertheless, the reserve army, for example, in the United States is approximately equal in size to the available size of the Armed Forces. And it consists not of “green” newcomers, who have never been familiar with the army service before mobilization, but of veterans who have served, who for some reason did not want to continue their contract service.

They, if they wish, sign another contract and become reservists. Attend regular military training, can be used by state governors in the "National Guard" - to fight riots or liquidate natural disasters; and the president for use in full-fledged military operations. So, a good half of the US military personnel in Iraq and Afghanistan are reservists.

The advantage of the “reserve fighters” over the traditional “partisans” first of the Soviet and then of the Russian times is understandable. Starting with motivation. In the church environment there is such a wonderful saying: "A slave is not a worshiper." Sociological services show an invariably high percentage of Russians who are ready to defend their homeland with arms in hand - but “civilian” for that and “civilian”, which thinks least of all about military affairs after everyday matters. Someone would be glad to go to training camps - but the “parking” at work, the need to “work hard” in order to quickly pay off the loan, all sorts of family circumstances, etc. interfere with this.

In addition, in order to create a truly combat-ready unit, it is necessary that its fighters are well acquainted with each other (at least within the framework of squads and crews), and have joint experience of working in a combat situation. At least - within the framework of the teachings. Ordinary "appointees" who appear in the army are good, if every few years, they are not suitable for such a role.

The talent pool is a completely different matter.

67. A citizen in the reserve is subject to conscription for military training in accordance with Federal law.

The total duration of military training, to which a citizen is involved during his stay in the reserve, cannot exceed 24 months.

That is, for privates-sergeants (the period of being in the reserve is up to 42 years) - this turns out to be at least a month or two during each year. And this is a completely different matter in terms of the effectiveness of training and real combat readiness.

It is clear that in order for people, even very patriotic, to make such sacrifices, refusing the usual comfort of a “citizen”, ready to appear in their military units within 3 days without any “excuses”, they need it somehow materially compensate.

"On amendments to certain legislative acts of the Russian Federation on the creation of a mobilization human reserve" reads in this regard the following:

3. The size of the monthly salary of a citizen in the reserve is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and cannot be less than 10 percent of the salary for a military position for which a citizen is assigned to a military unit (assigned to a special formation), and the size of a salary for a military rank.

Cash payments to citizens called up for military training, in addition to payments provided for in Article 6 of the Federal Law "On Military Duty and Military Service", consist of:

a salary for a military position, provided for by the staff of a military unit, and a salary for a military rank ... "

But, according to the basic law on service in the reserve, mentioned in the paragraph above, the mobilized “storekeeper” must also be paid the average salary at the place of work.

An employee called up for military training must be released from work and paid compensation for the time of the training, based on the average monthly earnings. But these expenses must be reimbursed to the employer from the federal budget.

How much will Russian reservists actually receive? An exact answer to this question will probably be difficult, given the discrepancy in the assessments of experts and specialists from relevant departments. So, according to calculations 4 years ago, the monthly salary of a reservist officer without allowances was supposed to be about 14 thousand rubles a month, a private - 8-10 thousand. Not so much, of course - but taking into account the “living wage” of 10 thousand rubles, you won't die of hunger, even if you are completely without “civilian” work. Well, having it - and even more so. So after all, even the service does not go all the time - but, using the student analogy, "in-person and in absentia."

Now the numbers are called somewhat more modest - 5-8 thousand rubles. With estimates of the total cost of the "experiment" - in 2015 - 288.3 million rubles, and in 2016 - 324.9 million. And the very number of real "reservists" is so far assumed to be only a few thousand people.

In general, if we use only official information, then the process of transferring Russian “storekeepers” to professional rails should not cause “beating the timpani,” but much less bravura assessments. Well, in fact, how long can you “pound water in a mortar” - speaking of the creation of full-fledged “reserve armies”, and in the end, having only an “experimental” desire to form 5 thousand “elite reservists”, which will not be enough to form even a full-fledged division ?!

And how long can you write Decrees and pass laws? The very first Decree on this very “experiment” was issued back in May 2012, then the corresponding Law followed, and now it turns out that the new Decree only “rewrote” an older document three years ago? And this in a situation where Russia's “best friends” from the West, led by the United States, are increasingly “rattling weapons” near our borders? Isn't it time to end with “experimentation” - moving on to the implementation of the necessary undertaking on the really necessary scale?

But, who knows, maybe such criticism will not be entirely justified? Some observers are already drawing attention to the fact that no specific figures - neither on the allocations for the creation of a mobilization reserve, nor on its specific number, are given in the documents available for general observation. And the “preliminary assessments” of even the Duma politicians - well, they are politicians, not government financiers and generals of the Ministry of Defense.

Foreign analysts have already begun to sound the alarm - unable to understand the sources of funding for the Russian military budget. According to their estimates, at least 25% of the defense “pie” in the Russian Federation comes from nowhere. That is, one can only guess about their exact origin and potential size of resources.

So, sprinkling ashes on your head in advance, comparing the American figures for the maintenance of contract reservists (10% of the Pentagon's budget) and the measly several hundred million rubles in Russia, according to Duma experts, is probably not worth it. After all, human resources are an even more important factor in the successful conduct of a potential war than military equipment. And who is surprised if the data on the exact number of many types of weapons are kept in secret?

So, let NATO continue to think that the Russian army will be able to deploy only 5 thousand well-trained reservists at the hypothetical “hour H”. A very unpleasant surprise may turn out for them - when the whole previously "secret" divisions and armies, ready to repulse any aggressor on the orders of the command, are discovered in this way.

Russian President Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling on the Russians who are in reserve for military training in 2018 and instructed the Russian government and the FSB to carry out all the necessary measures.

Military fees in Russia are determined by legislative rules

According to Art. 54 №53-ФЗ "On military duty and military service" dated 03.28.1998 Russian citizens who are in reserve can be called up for military training, which is divided into training and testing.

Training camps are when training is carried out directly in the troops, and testing camps are a check of the combat and mobilization readiness of military units and military commissariats.

The duration of the training events is determined by the responsible government agency. At the same time, according to the law, the only limitation here is that the total continuation of fees cannot exceed two calendar months.

Also, citizens cannot be called up for military training more than once every three years, but it should be noted that new ranks for reserve officers are assigned mainly after the passage of such military events.

The training camp fulfills the task of preparing an active military reserve

In addition, citizens over 27 years of age and persons who, for certain reasons, have not completed compulsory military service, can be called up for military training, although in practice this is permissible only in theory.

The fact is that military training exercises perform the role of preparing a military reserve for the active army, therefore, persons who are in the active reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation are summoned to them. Naturally, these should only be real military specialists that the army may need in the event of the deployment of new units or in the event of vacancies.

Also, do not forget that reservists are divided into categories. For example, only the first grade is called up for training, and these are privates and sergeants up to 35 years old, junior officers up to 50 years old, majors and lieutenant colonels up to 55 years old, colonels up to 60 years old and senior officers, i.e. general staff, up to 65 years old, but in practice this is selective.

At the same time, one should not forget that such military training camps have many restrictions - pedagogical workers, university students and persons with three children are not invited to attend them. And the fine in the amount of 100 to 500 rubles, provided for in the Administrative Code for failure to appear for military training, suggests that all this, in essence, is voluntary.

The nature of military training today has changed in comparison with the times of the USSR

Accordingly, it is necessary to draw an unambiguous conclusion - military training does not apply to all men who fall under the criteria and age characteristics specified in the law, but only to those Russian citizens who are really needed by the RF Armed Forces.

Head of the Department of Political Science of the PRUE G.V. Plekhanova, retired colonel Andrey Koshkin in a conversation with the FBA "Economics Segodnya" he confirmed that military training in Russia is playing the role of preparing an active military reserve.

“The general military training was typical of the Soviet era, when everything was taken on a scale. Then people were called up in very motley groups, which led to the fact that these fees were ineffective. In fact, it was about the fact that a certain duty was served within the framework of these fees, "states Koshkin.

In addition, one should not forget that under the USSR we lived in a completely different economic order, when there was a primacy of state ownership of the economy, and there was no problem to call people to military training. Now everything is much more complicated and the state, according to the law, will have to compensate the employer's losses for calling a valuable worker for military training.

And this moment is also taken into account today, since no one is going to spend budget money just like that.

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation support their core in a similar way.

“Today this whole system of military training is more thoughtful and flexible. It is possible that now there are some costs, but, in general, the call for the training of those who are in the reserve and conducting classes with them is much more effective, which really allows you to keep the powder dry in the flasks, ”Koshkin concludes.

In this matter, we must not forget about the moment that we are now transitioning to a contract army. Naturally, the conscription will never be canceled, but today almost all shock combat units have been transferred to a contract.

This means that there are professionals serving there, and this significantly limits the space for such gatherings. After all, they should not be formal in nature and be ineffective - they should train the necessary military specialists for the army. All this once again confirms the fact that this decision of the President will affect an extremely limited circle of Russian citizens.

“First of all, officers need such a call from the reserve in order to confirm and strengthen their military competencies, since this is the main backbone of the Russian Armed Forces,” sums up Koshkin.

According to the expert, such fees should allow reserve military specialists to get acquainted with the qualitative changes that have taken place in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation over the years of their civilian life.

“Of course, here we must not forget about the element of military rallying, because after such gatherings, people understand that they are needed and continue to associate themselves with the Russian army, and this is important,” states Koshkin.

Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 03.09.2015 N 933 approved the Regulation on the procedure for the stay of citizens of the Russian Federation in the mobilization human reserve (hereinafter - Regulation N 933). The article discusses the procedure for enrollment in the mobilization reserve and the procedure for exclusion from it.

In accordance with Art. 51.2 of Federal Law N 53-FZ * (1) for the mobilization deployment of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, the following are created:
- stock of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation;
- stock of the Foreign Intelligence Service of the Russian Federation;
- stock of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation.
These reserves are intended for staffing formations, military units of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies, as well as special formations during the period of mobilization, bringing them to combat readiness and in wartime.
The reserve consists of a mobilization human reserve and a mobilization human resource.

Note. In accordance with clause 3 of Regulation N 933, the receipt of citizens in the reserve is carried out by concluding a contract.

In accordance with clause 4 of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of July 17, 2015 N 370 "On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation", financing of activities related to the formation of the reserve is carried out at the expense of budgetary allocations provided for in the federal budget of the Ministry of Defense.

The organization of measures to ensure the recruitment of the mobilization reserve is entrusted to the military commissariats.
Note that in accordance with the provisions of Art. 57.4 of Federal Law N 53-F3, a contract on stay in the reserve can be concluded with a citizen who does not have citizenship (nationality) of a foreign state, who is in reserve, who has previously completed military service and has a military rank:
- a soldier, sailor, sergeant, foreman, warrant officer and midshipman - under the age of 42;
- junior lieutenant, lieutenant, senior lieutenant, captain, lieutenant commander - under the age of 47;
- Major, Captain 3rd Rank, Lieutenant Colonel, Captain 2nd Rank - under the age of 52;
- Colonel, Captain 1st Rank, - under the age of 57.
In addition, the conclusion of a contract is possible with persons who have completed their studies at the military department at a state educational institution of higher professional education within 15 years after being enrolled in the reserve with the assignment of the military rank of an officer.
To conclude a contract, a citizen who has expressed a desire to conclude it submits an application to the military commissariat where he is registered with the military, or an application and documents, the list of which is given in clause 11 of Regulation No. 933, to a military unit.
Within a month, this application must be considered, a decision is made to conduct a medical examination of the candidate and consider his candidacy by the commission of the department for the selection of citizens entering the reserve (clause 14 of Regulation N 933).
Further, the candidate, recognized by the commission as meeting the requirements established by Federal Law N 53-F3 for enrollment in the reserve, receives an appropriate order from the head of the department and is sent to the military unit to conclude a contract (clause 19 of Regulation N 933). During the journey, the citizen is provided with military transport documents to the point of destination and back.
Upon arrival at the military unit, a contract is concluded between the citizen of the Russian Federation and the Ministry of Defense represented by the commander (chief) of the military unit.
The contract is drawn up in two copies, each of which is signed by the persons who concluded it. The signature of the relevant official who signed the contract is affixed with the official seal of the military unit.
The first copy of the contract, after its entry into force, is attached to the personal file of the reservist, which is kept in the military unit, the second copy is handed over to the citizen.
Please note that in accordance with Art. 57.3 of Federal Law N 53-FZ, the first contract on stay in the reserve is concluded for three years.
A new contract on stay in the reserve can be concluded for three years, five years, or for a shorter period - until the age limit for staying in the reserve is reached.

In accordance with clause 24 of Regulation N 933, for the purpose of a comprehensive and objective assessment of the reservist, determination of his mission, the suitability of the military position and the prospects for further stay in the reserve, certification is carried out.
Its main tasks are:
- determination of the correspondence of the reservist to the occupied military position and the prospects for his further stay in the reserve;
- selection of a reservist for appointment to a military position and determination of the feasibility of concluding a new contract;
- presentation of a reservist to be awarded with departmental and state awards of the Russian Federation;
- consideration of the grounds for nominating a reservist for early exclusion from the reserve.
The certification commission is responsible for conducting certification, as well as resolving other issues of the stay of citizens in the reserve in military units (having reserve personnel).
Note that by virtue of clause 33 of Regulation N 933, in order to resolve the issue of assigning a class qualification to a reservist in a relevant specialty, a qualifying examination is carried out in the prescribed form in order to assess the professional knowledge and skills of a reservist.
The qualification requirements for the professional knowledge and skills of reservists, the procedure for passing the qualification exam by reservists and assessing professional knowledge and skills, assignment, change and deprivation of class qualifications are determined by the head of the federal executive body, in which military service is provided for by federal law.

Note. The reservist is certified three months before the expiration of the period of stay in the reserve (clause 26 of Regulation N 933).

Note. The reservist takes a qualifying examination as needed, but at least once every three years.

In accordance with clauses 2, 3 of Regulation N 933, the stay of citizens in reserve provides for assignment to a military position, assignment of a military rank, certification and qualification exam, as well as participation in operational, mobilization and combat training during military training.
The occupation of a military position involves the issuance of monetary payments to reservists, which are subdivided into monthly and lump sum payments.

Cash payments include (clause 2 of article 13.1 of Federal Law N 76-FZ * (2)):

Monthly payments	Lump sum payments
Monthly salary; - regional coefficient and percentage mark-up (for staying in the reserve in the Far North regions, localities equated to them); - monthly percentage increase to the monthly salary for continuous stay in the reserve (from 3 to 5 years - 10%; from 5 to 10 years - 20%; from 10 to 15 years - 30%; from 15 to 20 years - 40%; 20 years and more - 50%)	If the term of the new contract is three years, or if the term of the new contract is shorter - until the age limit for stay in reserve - one monthly salary; - with a new contract term of five years or with a shorter new contract term - before the age limit for stay in reserve - one and a half monthly salary

In addition to the payments listed above, the reservist may be assigned other payments provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation.

Note! The size of the monthly salary of a citizen who is in reserve is determined by the Government of the Russian Federation and cannot be less than 10% of the salary for a military position for which a citizen is assigned to a military unit (assigned to a special formation), and the size of a salary for a military rank (clause 3 of Art. . 13.1 Federal Law N 76-FZ).

In addition to cash payments in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, citizens who have entered into a contract for the period of being in the mobilization reserve are provided with:
- meals at the place of military service (clause 1 of article 14 of Federal Law N 76-FZ);
- clothing, depending on the conditions for passing military fees (clause 2 of article 14 of Federal Law N 76-FZ).
In addition, citizens who are in reserve have the right to receive vocational education and additional vocational education in military educational institutions of higher and secondary specialized education without charging them tuition fees in the manner and under the conditions determined by the Ministry of Defense (clause 5.2 of article 19 Federal Law N 76-FZ). However, in accordance with paragraph 6 of Art. 57.2 of Federal Law N 53-FZ, in the event of early termination of the contract on stay in the mobilization reserve on the grounds provided for by law, the federal budget funds spent on military and special training of the reservist are subject to reimbursement.

In accordance with the Instructions on the procedure for applying the budget classification of the Russian Federation, approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation of July 1, 2013 N 65n, the costs:
- for the issuance of cash payments to citizens enrolled in military positions, they are carried out in accordance with subsection 211 "Salary" of KOSGU;
- for the purchase and issue of clothing property - under article 340 "Increase in the cost of inventories" KOSGU.
The costs of paying for contracts, the subject of which is the organization of catering for reservists, are made in accordance with subsection 226 "Other works, services" of KOSGU. In the event that catering is carried out in the canteens of military units, the cost of purchasing food is reflected in article 340 "Increase in the cost of inventories" of KOSGU.

In accordance with clause 36 of Regulation N 933, a citizen subject to exclusion from the reserve must be excluded from the lists of personnel of the reserve of a military unit on the day of the expiration of the term of his contract, with the exception of cases provided for in Art. 57.8 Federal Law N 53-FZ. The grounds listed in this article are:
- reaching the age limit for keeping in stock;
- expiration of the term of the contract on stay in the reserve;
- recognition by the military medical commission as unfit or partially fit for military service;
- deprivation of military rank;
- entry into legal force of a court verdict on the appointment of a reservist punishment in the form of imprisonment or imprisonment conditionally;
- termination of the citizenship of the Russian Federation or the acquisition of citizenship (nationality) of a foreign state;
- the emergence of grounds for postponement of conscription for mobilization or exemption from military fees.
Grounds for early exclusion from the reserve are considered (clause 2 of article 57.8 of Federal Law N 53-F3):
- organizational and staff activities;
- non-fulfillment of the terms of the contract on stay in the reserve;
- refusal of admission to state secrets or deprivation of the specified admission;
- joining the RF IC, bodies and institutions of the RF Prosecutor's Office and appointment of a judge.
According to clause 38 of Regulation N 933 on the exclusion of a reservist from the reserve of a military unit, a corresponding order is issued.

Note. A citizen in the reserve also has the right to early withdrawal from the reserve.

As noted above, the federal budget funds spent on military and special training of a reservist are subject to reimbursement in the event of early exclusion from the mobilization reserve on the following grounds:
- deprivation of military rank (subparagraph "g" of paragraph 1 of article 57.8 of the Federal Law N 53-FZ);
- entry into legal force of a court verdict on the appointment of a reservist punishment in the form of imprisonment or imprisonment conditionally (subparagraph "d" of paragraph 1 of article 57.8 of Federal Law N 53-FZ);
- failure to comply with the terms of the contract on stay in the reserve (subparagraph "b" of paragraph 2 of article 57.8 of the Federal Law N 53-FZ);
- refusal of admission to state secrets or deprivation of the specified admission (subparagraph "in" paragraph 2 of article 57.8 of the Federal Law N 53-FZ).
The rules for calculating the amount of funds spent on military and special training of citizens of the Russian Federation during the period of stay in the mobilization reserve, in the event of their early exclusion from the mobilization human reserve, are established by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of August 15, 2015 N 850 (hereinafter - Rules N 850).
In accordance with clause 2 of Rules N 850, the amount of federal budget funds to be reimbursed spent on the military training of citizens of the Russian Federation, early excluded from the mobilization human reserve on the listed grounds, is determined based on the costs incurred by military units (organizations) for these purposes.

Costs include costs:

For the maintenance and operation, repair and maintenance of weapons and military equipment subject to study (development) and (or) used in the training process, elements of a simulator base and a base for military training of citizens (hereinafter - fixed assets);
- for the purchase of inventories used in the educational process (hereinafter - inventories);
- for the maintenance of command personnel (monthly salary and percentage allowance for length of service, for clothing provision - for military personnel, wages - for civilian personnel), which conducts training sessions on military training (hereinafter referred to as command personnel).

Lists of specific types of fixed assets and material stocks, as well as methods for calculating costs included in the costs listed above, for military units (organizations) are established by the federal executive body, in which military service is provided for by federal law.
The amount of funds to be reimbursed is determined on the basis of a fixed amount of these funds.
The fixed value of the amount of funds subject to reimbursement (FZ) is calculated by the federal executive body, in which the federal law provides for military service, according to the formula (clause 7 of Rules N 850):

ФЗ = (Р1 + Р2 + Р3) / ШЧ

Р1 - expenses for the depreciation of fixed assets, thousand rubles. in year;
P2
- expenses for the purchase of inventories, thousand rubles. in year;
P3
- expenses for the maintenance of command personnel, thousand rubles. in year;
ШЧ - the staffing of the mobilization human reserve of a military unit (organization), people.

The calculation of the fixed value of the amount of funds subject to reimbursement is carried out until July 1 of the year in which the contract was concluded with the citizen, according to the data of the year preceding the conclusion of the contract (clause 8 of Rules N 850).
The federal budget funds spent on military training (TK) are reimbursed by citizens in the amount calculated according to the formula (clause 9 of Rules N 850):

ТЗ = ФЗ x (PLR + PMR / 12), where:

ФЗ - a fixed value of the amount of funds subject to reimbursement, thousand rubles. in year;
PLR - a fixed value of the amount of funds to be reimbursed, thousand rubles. in year;
PMR - the number of full months of stay (one month - 30 days) in the mobilization manpower reserve, which have passed since the day the full year of stay in the mobilization manpower reserve expires (for subsequent years of stay in the mobilization manpower reserve);
12 - the number of months in a year.
The federal budget funds received at the conclusion of the contract (P) are reimbursed by citizens in the amount calculated according to the formula (clause 10 of Rules N 850):

P = (EDV + DV) / Trez x Tiskl, where:

EDV - the size of a lump sum payment received by citizens upon concluding a new contract, thousand rubles;
DV - other payments provided for by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, thousand rubles;
Trez
- the number of days for which the contract was concluded;
Thiskle
- the number of days remaining before the expiration of the contract after the expulsion of a citizen from the mobilization human reserve.

* * *

In conclusion, we will briefly formulate the main conclusions:
1. The conclusion of a contract with a reservist and its termination are carried out in accordance with Regulation N 933.
2. Citizens enrolled in the mobilization reserve are assigned monetary payments in accordance with Federal Law No. 76-FZ. In addition, they are provided with food and uniforms, have the right to receive vocational education and additional vocational education in military educational institutions without charging them tuition fees in the manner and on conditions determined by the Ministry of Defense.
3. In the event of early termination of the contract on stay in the mobilization reserve on the grounds provided for by law, the federal budget funds spent on military and special training of the reservist are subject to reimbursement.

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*(1) Federal Law of 28.03.1998 N 53-FZ "On conscription and military service".

The Russian army began a full-scale formation of a mobilization reserve. Soldiers and reserve officers who have signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense will have to attend special classes every month and undergo military training annually. In return, the state guarantees them monthly payments and a number of compensations. In the event that a special period is declared by the reservists, the existing units will be supplemented, and they will also be used to form new ones. Military experts believe that the reform will strengthen the country's defense capability.

The Ministry of Defense told Izvestia that from this year the mobilization reserve system begins to work in full throughout Russia. The necessary regulations for the start of the reform have already been adopted. Earlier, the department conducted an experiment in certain regions. It lasted almost two years. Its results are considered successful.

In 2015, the President of Russia signed a decree "On the creation of a mobilization human reserve of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation." The mechanism for attracting Russians to new structures and the terms of contracts concluded with them are described in the law "On conscription and military service." It indicates that reserve soldiers and officers who have passed a medical examination can become reservists.

The military enlistment offices are responsible for the formation of the reserve. Not all of them have started the relevant work yet. However, for example, a recruitment of applicants is already underway in the Rostov region - in the military registration and enlistment office of the city of Novoshakhtinsk, a reserve soldier can conclude a contract for service in the reserve.

“To do this, you need to come to the military registration and enlistment office, having your passport and military ID with you,” the Novoshakhtinsk military registration and enlistment office told Izvestia. - A reserve soldier must study 2-3 days a month and go through annual training camps lasting from 20 to 30 days.

Such a person can be called up for service at any time: when a special or threatened period is declared, in the event of major exercises, emergencies, or simply an acute shortage of military specialists in the units.

The question of creating an organized mobilization reserve has been raised for a long time, ”military expert Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - The new system will make it possible to train and maintain highly qualified personnel in combat readiness, to ensure the rapid transfer of personnel to theaters of military operations, where it is necessary to deploy new formations, but the local mobility resource is not enough.

In particular, according to him, the new system of attracting personnel will increase the defense capability of the Far East. Parts of this region have equipment, but there is a shortage of personnel.

Salary and money for stay

Soldiers and reserve officers entering the reserve sign a contract for three, five or more years. When a new agreement is concluded, a Russian receives a lump sum: for a three-year period - in the amount of a salary, for five or more years - one and a half times more.

The salary of a reservist will consist of the official salary, payments for the title and the regional coefficient. For example, a platoon commander with the rank of senior lieutenant in the central part of Russia will be credited with 27.5 thousand rubles. The squad leader with the rank of sergeant in the Kemerovo region (regional bonus - 30%) - 25.3 thousand.

True, this money is paid in full only at the time of collection. For the rest of the period, 11 months of the year, reservists will be paid 12% of their salary. A senior lieutenant from Central Russia will receive 3.3 thousand rubles a month, a sergeant from the Kemerovo region - 3.036 thousand rubles.

This payment procedure is stipulated by the decree of the Russian government "On establishing the size of the monthly salary for citizens of the Russian Federation who are in the mobilization manpower reserve, with the exception of the period of military training" dated December 23, 2015.

During the fees, the state guarantees the reservist the preservation of the average salary or scholarship. It will also cover the costs of renting accommodation, travel expenses, travel fees and return home.

There are also seniority bonuses. For example, three years after enrollment, reservists will be able to receive an additional 10% of their salary. Payments will increase over the years. The maximum markup - 50% - will be calculated after 20 years of continuous stay in the reserve.

How it works

The reservist will be assigned to a specific military unit or the Mobilization Deployment Support Center (CEMR), where he will undergo training.

There are such concepts - current and temporary shortage (TNK and VNK), - military expert Vladislav Shurygin told Izvestia. - For example, a serviceman was transferred to another duty station, and no one has been appointed to replace him yet. This is a temporary shortage. If a person is sick and will no longer be able to fulfill their duties, this is the current shortage. TNK and VNK seriously affect the combat capability of a military unit. For example, a battalion may lack a company commander, several machine gunners, and driver mechanics. Their absence seriously affects the battalion's ability to carry out a combat mission. There are also positions that are introduced only in case of war. For example, an assistant machine gunner or a mortar loader. In peacetime, they are not needed, but in battle they become critically important.

TNK and VNK will be replaced by mobreservists who have signed a contract with a military unit. Their other task will be to make up for losses in wartime.

Storage bases are a thing of the past

The bases for storage and repair of military equipment (BHiRVT), where tanks, armored personnel carriers and other equipment intended for recruiting parts in the event of mobilization, have been stationed for years, will be disbanded. Until recently, more than 40 such bases existed in the Ground Forces (14 of them are motorized rifle bases).

Now a mobilization reserve of personnel is attributed to the BHiRVT, - Viktor Murakhovsky told Izvestia. - Soldiers and reserve officers must report to the base if a special period is announced. This system has its drawbacks. For example, there are questions about the recruitment and coordination of units, it is difficult to find specialists in air defense, engineering and tank forces.

In addition, now in the staffing list of the BHiRVT there are no more than 10 people. Such a number of personnel did not allow maintaining the equipment in proper condition.

The reorganization of the motorized rifle BCiRVT has already begun. About a third of them are closed. For example, the 103rd BHiRVT ceased to operate in the Novosibirsk region. “Izvestia” was told about this by officers of units serving at the Shilovsky training ground - there used to be a base there.

Military unit 30654 (also known as the 104th BHiRVT from the city of Biysk, Altai Territory) and military unit 92910 (245th BHiRVT from Lesozavodsk, Primorsky Territory) are listed as "inoperative" in the SPARK-Interfax database. This means that the parts as legal entities ceased to exist, and their bank accounts were closed.

New centers for reservists

The TSOMRs created on the basis of the BHiRVT will both store equipment and train reservists. If necessary, the centers will be transformed into "full-blooded" military units and formations. A new modern infrastructure will be built for TsOMRs.

In 2016, the Ministry of Defense signed a contract for the design of a new BCiRVT on Sakhalin. The project illustrates what a Mobilization Deployment Support Center might look like.

It is planned to build a military town in the village of Dachnoe. There will be a parking area of ​​700 thousand square meters. m, a barracks to accommodate 521 soldiers and sergeants, headquarters and training buildings, warehouses for property and missile and artillery weapons, heated storage facilities for 1.2 thousand vehicles. Areas for storage and repair of equipment will be equipped.

Such an infrastructure will allow, in case of training, to place a battalion of reservists at the base, conduct exercises and scheduled maintenance of equipment by their forces.

In foreign countries there are analogues of the system being created in Russia. So, in the United States, the army, in the event of a possible threat, will draw personnel from units of the National Guard and the army reserve. In Switzerland, an organized reserve makes up the majority of the armed forces - these people are ready to arrive at a military unit on demand.